{"id":596,"date":"2025-06-03T12:08:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T12:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/?page_id=596"},"modified":"2026-03-06T11:32:49","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T11:32:49","slug":"tocqueville-voices","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/tocqueville-voices\/","title":{"rendered":"Tocqueville Voices"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"596\" class=\"elementor elementor-596\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2db7452 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2db7452\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57be1ef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57be1ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e4195e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e4195e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocqueville Voices<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98a4428 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-laptop__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98a4428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A platform to inspire a Taste for Democracy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8c7cdb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8c7cdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A space to share reflections and content inspired by Tocqueville\u2019s ideas on democracy and civic engagement, showcasing insights, quotes, essays, or commentaries\u2014particularly around civil society, civic engagement, and democratic thought.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d721250 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d721250\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f18d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a2f18d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1240\" height=\"1256\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Image-container-3.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-924\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Image-container-3.png 1240w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Image-container-3-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Image-container-3-1011x1024.png 1011w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Image-container-3-768x778.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-638497c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"638497c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bca6ddc elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bca6ddc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocqueville thoughts explained by:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4a056c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4a056c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd1d601 e-n-tabs-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"fd1d601\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;enable&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll_mobile&quot;:&quot;enable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"265410049\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100491\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100491\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100491\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tFrancoise Melonio\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100492\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100492\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100492\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tJean-Louis Beno\u00eet\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100493\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100493\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100493\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tJean Yarbrough\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100494\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100494\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100494\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tJoshua Mitchell\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100495\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100495\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100495\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tEric Keslassy\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100491\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100491\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-3279f86 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3279f86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2811722 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"2811722\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Francoise-Melonio.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4686\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Francoise-Melonio.jpg 584w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Francoise-Melonio-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Francoise-Melonio-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Francoise Melonio<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Professor emerita at the Sorbonne<br><br>\n\n<b>What would Tocqueville say about our democracies today?<\/b><br>\n\n<span style=\"color: #21375e\">Fran\u00e7oise Melonio, interviewed on <i>France Inter<\/i>\u00a0in\u00a0<i>Le Grand Face-\u00e0-Face<\/i>\u00a0on the occasion of the release of her biography of Tocqueville, sheds light on this essential question.\nShe takes us back into Tocqueville\u2019s world \u2014 his travels in the United States, but also in Canada, Ireland, and Algeria \u2014 and revisits his reflections, still strikingly relevant today, on the fragile balance between liberty and equality, the complex relationship with colonialism, and the decisive role of citizen participation, which goes far beyond the act of voting.<\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofrance.fr\/franceinter\/podcasts\/le-grand-face-a-face\/le-grand-face-a-face-du-samedi-04-octobre-2025-6592102\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;color: #003366\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The program can be listened here<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #21375e\">\n<\/span><br><br>\n<span style=\"color: #21375e\"><strong>\u201cThe Life and Work of Alexis de Tocqueville\u201d<\/strong><\/span><br>\n\n<span style=\"color: #21375e\"> On <i>R\u00e9pliques<\/i>, hosted by Alain Finkielkraut, with Fran\u00e7oise Melonio and Sophie Vanden Abeele-Marchal.\nA fascinating exploration of the man behind Tocqueville and his ever-relevant reflections on liberty, equality, social bonds, and individualism.\nAn essential perspective for understanding today\u2019s democratic challenges<b>.<\/b><\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofrance.fr\/franceculture\/podcasts\/repliques\/la-vie-et-l-oeuvre-d-alexis-de-tocqueville-4715007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #21375e\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The program can be listened here<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100492\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100492\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bc8fdb8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc8fdb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e09cc1 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"0e09cc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"464\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fdfd.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8379\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fdfd.jpg 464w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fdfd-300x273.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Jean-Louis Beno\u00eet<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Philosopher<br><br>\n<ul>\n  <li>\n    <b>Tocqueville and the American Prison Model<\/b><br><br>\n    In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville traveled to the United States to study their prison system. This journey led to his work On the Penitentiary System in the United States, a visionary reflection on justice, freedom, and the relationship between the individual and the state.<br><br>\n    A fascinating article by Jean-Louis Beno\u00eet in Historia revisits this crucial chapter of Tocqueville\u2019s intellectual journey, which paved the way for Democracy in America and where Tocqueville explored the balance between punishment, protection, prevention, and rehabilitation \u2014 still central to today\u2019s discussions on justice.<br>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Article-JL-Benoit-Historia-n\u00b0-944.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><u>Article JL Beno\u00eet-Historia n\u00b0 944<\/u><\/a>\n  <\/li>\n\n  <br>\n\n  <li>\n    Lecture given at the Cercle Condorcet of Deauville on the theme \u201cThe Relevance of Tocqueville Today: Democracy and Democrature.\u201d The text of this lecture can be \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dif-Cercle-Condorcet-Deauville-25-mai-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><u>download here.<\/u><\/a>\n  <\/li>\n\n  <br>\n\n  <li>\n    Presentation on the topic \u201cThe Social Democratic State, Democracy, Despotism, and Dictatorship,\u201d delivered during a commemorative symposium marking the 30th anniversary of the Postgraduate Philosophy Program at the Federal University of Goi\u00e1s. The text is available for \n    <a href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/etat-socila-democratique-et-democratie-txt-word-Communication-universite-Goais-18-octobre-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><u>download here.<\/u><\/a>\n  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100493\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100493\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-c6e58db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6e58db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bccf06a elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"bccf06a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/JMY-webpage-photo-Oct-2025.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8103\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Jean Yarbrough<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Professor of social sciences at Bowdoin.<br><br>\nFind \n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VG2dVYEEwqo\" target=\"_blank\"><u><b>the video of her lecture here<\/b><\/u><\/a>, and \n<a href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/textes-JL-Benoit-traduits-pour-le-site.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><u><b>the accompanying readings here<\/b><\/u><\/a>.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100494\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100494\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0af2140 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0af2140\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fb697f elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"0fb697f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"578\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/chrome_Tt2u08PGwl.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5892\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/chrome_Tt2u08PGwl.png 578w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/chrome_Tt2u08PGwl-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/chrome_Tt2u08PGwl-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Joshua Mitchell<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">A political theorist at Georgetown.<br><br>\nFind \n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VG2dVYEEwqo&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\"><u><b>the video of his lecture here<\/b><\/u><\/a>, and \n<a href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Josh-Mitchells-Readings-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><u><b>the accompanying readings here<\/b><\/u><\/a>.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-2654100495\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2654100495\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a2697b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2697b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c63acca elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"c63acca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"756\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8947\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image.png 760w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-300x298.png 300w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Eric Keslassy<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\"><strong>Sociologist and economist Eric Keslassy<\/strong> is the author of a dissertation linking the social question and democracy in the work of Tocqueville. He has published several books devoted to Tocqueville\u2019s writings, including <em>Tocqueville\u2019s Liberalism Tested by Pauperism<\/em> (L'Harmattan, 2000) and <em>Alexis de Tocqueville: Reading Democracy in America<\/em> (Ellipses, 2012).<br><br>\n\nCo-author with Jean-Louis Beno\u00eet of <em>The Economic Texts of Alexis de Tocqueville<\/em> (Pocket, 2005), he is currently preparing an <em>Introduction to Tocqueville<\/em> to be published by La D\u00e9couverte (planned publication in 2027).\n\n\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dae78d5 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"dae78d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"184\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/thumbnail-2.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8964\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\"><b>Tocqueville, or the Proposal for a New State<\/b><br><br>\nIn this article published in <em>L'\u00c9conomie Politique<\/em>, Eric Keslassy challenges the simplistic view of Tocqueville as being hostile to any state intervention. He demonstrates that the author envisioned a \u201csituated state,\u201d an administration capable of intervening occasionally in response to public calamities such as pauperism. Keslassy analyzes how Tocqueville seeks a middle path between the protective state advocated by socialists and absolute laissez-faire, particularly in order to regulate the industrial world.<br><br>\n\nThe article is available online here: \n<a href=\"https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/revue-l-economie-politique-2001-3-page-99?lang=fr\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/revue-l-economie-politique-2001-3-page-99?lang=fr\n<\/a>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a57829f elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"a57829f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/thumbnail-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8935\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\"><b>Tocqueville and Democracy in America<\/b><br><br>\nPublished in <em>Grands Dossiers des Sciences Humaines<\/em>, this analysis revisits Tocqueville\u2019s definition of democracy, not only as a political regime but as a \u201csocial state\u201d based on equality of conditions. Eric Keslassy examines the fundamental tension between liberty and equality, the rise of democratic individualism, and the risk of a tutelary despotism, offering an essential framework for understanding the challenges of modern societies.<br><br>\n\nThe article is available online here: \n<a href=\"https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/la-sociologie--9782912601858-page-25?lang=fr\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/la-sociologie--9782912601858-page-25?lang=fr\n<\/a>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64e005a elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"64e005a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"207\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/thumbnail.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8929\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\n<b>Tocqueville and the Penitentiary \u201cEconomy\u201d<\/b><br><br>\nIn the <em>Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines<\/em>, Eric Keslassy sheds light on a lesser-known aspect of the author: Tocqueville as an economist. Through the study of prison reform and the debate between the Auburn and Philadelphia systems, he shows how Tocqueville integrates the economic costs of detention and the social cost of recidivism in order to define an effective penal policy. In this reflection, the protection of society takes precedence over simple philanthropy.<br><br>\n\nThe article is available online here: \n<a href=\"https:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/revue-histoire-des-sciences-humaines-2010-2-page-175?lang=fr\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps:\/\/shs.cairn.info\/revue-histoire-des-sciences-humaines-2010-2-page-175?lang=fr\n<\/a>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb75f0e elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bb75f0e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a8ff8d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a8ff8d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99a4af9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99a4af9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f6b497 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4f6b497\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"616\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/23.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-929\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/23.png 616w, https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/23-296x300.png 296w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d745140 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d745140\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98b0663 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"98b0663\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tocqueville thoughts explained by:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a57947 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a57947\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Joshua Mitchell<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88ed528 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88ed528\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"color: #21375e;\">A political theorist at Georgetown.\nFind <a style=\"color: #21375e;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VG2dVYEEwqo&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>the video of his lecture here<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, and<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #21375e; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Josh-Mitchells-Readings-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Josh-Mitchells-Readings-1.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1752315255076000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1G_1bz7BMQ7EYXKQTzMtVj\"><strong>the accompanying readings here.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f34522 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f34522\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Francoise Melonio\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa3c2de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa3c2de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"color: #21375e\">A political theorist at Georgetown.\nFind <a style=\"color: #21375e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VG2dVYEEwqo&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>the video of his lecture here<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, and<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><a style=\"color: #21375e;text-decoration: underline\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Josh-Mitchells-Readings-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Josh-Mitchells-Readings-1.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1752315255076000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1G_1bz7BMQ7EYXKQTzMtVj\"><strong>the accompanying readings here.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e03b5b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e03b5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"color: #21375e;\">A political theorist at Georgetown.\nFind <a style=\"color: #21375e;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VG2dVYEEwqo&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>the video of his lecture here<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, and<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #21375e; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Josh-Mitchells-Readings-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Josh-Mitchells-Readings-1.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1752315255076000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1G_1bz7BMQ7EYXKQTzMtVj\"><strong>the accompanying readings here.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-604fa36 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"604fa36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span lang=\"EN-US\">What would Tocqueville say about our democracies today?<\/span><\/b>\n\n<span style=\"color: #21375e;\">Fran\u00e7oise Melonio, interviewed on <i>France Inter<\/i>\u00a0in\u00a0<i>Le Grand Face-\u00e0-Face<\/i>\u00a0on the occasion of the release of her biography of Tocqueville, sheds light on this essential question.\nShe takes us back into Tocqueville\u2019s world \u2014 his travels in the United States, but also in Canada, Ireland, and Algeria \u2014 and revisits his reflections, still strikingly relevant today, on the fragile balance between liberty and equality, the complex relationship with colonialism, and the decisive role of citizen participation, which goes far beyond the act of voting.<\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofrance.fr\/franceinter\/podcasts\/le-grand-face-a-face\/le-grand-face-a-face-du-samedi-04-octobre-2025-6592102\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #003366;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">The program can be listened here<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #21375e;\">\n<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8944b7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8944b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"color: #21375e;\"><strong>\u201cThe Life and Work of Alexis de Tocqueville\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #21375e;\"> On <i>R\u00e9pliques<\/i>, hosted by Alain Finkielkraut, with Fran\u00e7oise Melonio and Sophie Vanden Abeele-Marchal.\nA fascinating exploration of the man behind Tocqueville and his ever-relevant reflections on liberty, equality, social bonds, and individualism.\nAn essential perspective for understanding today\u2019s democratic challenges<b>.<\/b><\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofrance.fr\/franceculture\/podcasts\/repliques\/la-vie-et-l-oeuvre-d-alexis-de-tocqueville-4715007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #21375e;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">The program can be listened here<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d5fa2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d5fa2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jean Yarbrough<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b88855f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b88855f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #21375e;\">Professor of social sciences at Bowdoin.<br \/><a style=\"color: #21375e;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VG2dVYEEwqo&amp;ab_channel=ConversationsTocqueville\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>The video of her talk is here<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, and the readings can be<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0<a style=\"color: #21375e; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/textes-JL-Benoit-traduits-pour-le-site.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/textes-JL-Benoit-traduits-pour-le-site.docx&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1752315255076000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2fpSQ5qG9pQck7yVmPnQbp\"><strong>download here.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44676c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44676c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jean-Louis Beno\u00eet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60ce4a3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60ce4a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b><strong>Tocqueville and the American Prison Model<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville traveled to the United States to study their prison system.\nThis journey led to his work\u00a0<em>On the Penitentiary System in the United States<\/em>, a visionary reflection on justice, freedom, and the relationship between the individual and the state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A fascinating article by Jean-Louis Beno\u00eet in\u00a0<em>Historia<\/em>\u00a0revisits this crucial chapter of Tocqueville\u2019s intellectual journey, which paved the way for\u00a0<em>Democracy in America<\/em>\u00a0 and where Tocqueville explored the balance between punishment, protection, prevention, and rehabilitation \u2014 still central to today\u2019s discussions on justice.<\/p>\n<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #21375e;\"><a style=\"color: #21375e; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Article-JL-Benoit-Historia-n\u00b0-944.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article JL Beno\u00eet-Historia n\u00b0 944<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li>\u00a0Lecture given at the Cercle Condorcet of Deauville on the theme \u201cThe Relevance of Tocqueville Today Democracy and Democrature.\u201d The text of this lecture can be <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #21375e; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dif-Cercle-Condorcet-Deauville-25-mai-2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/etat-socila-democratique-et-democratie-txt-word-Communication-universite-Goais-18-octobre-2023.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1752315255076000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mMXpoBbhALuHQ7j54SqHc\"><strong>download here.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li>Presentation on the topic \u201cThe Social Democratic State, Democracy, Despotism, and Dictatorship,\u201d delivered during a commemorative symposium marking the 30th anniversary of the Postgraduate Philosophy Program at the Federal University of Goi\u00e1s. The text is available for<strong style=\"color: #21375e;\">\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a style=\"color: #21375e; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/etat-socila-democratique-et-democratie-txt-word-Communication-universite-Goais-18-octobre-2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Jean-Yarbroughs-Readings-compresse.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1752315255076000&amp;usg=AOvVaw05gp8lwl6NGPBHAe8HnyGo\"><strong>download here.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-100fb00 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"100fb00\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dd7cc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6dd7cc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">EXPLORE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1ce510 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-laptop__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1ce510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What did he think about it?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16cbff4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-laptop__width-initial elementor-widget-tablet__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16cbff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tocqueville\u2019s key concepts, themes, and political positions are thoroughly explored in the\u00a0<span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"1\">Dictionnaire Tocqueville<\/span>, written by Jean\u2011Louis Beno\u00eet. This comprehensive reference work includes in-depth entries on major issues such as democracy, despotism, liberty, equality, or freedom\u00a0 of press, and Tocqueville\u2019s circle of contemporaries, offering both contextual and historical perspectives. <span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"3\">Jean-Louis <\/span><span class=\"notion-enable-hover\" data-token-index=\"3\">Beno\u00eet\u00a0 Dictionnaire Tocqueville<\/span>. Paris, \u00c9ditions Nuvis, 2017.<\/p><p>Below is an extract from his book. These texts provide valuable context for understanding Tocqueville\u2019s thought and its continued relevance today.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b772a8b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b772a8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0587a86 elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0587a86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Democracy-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Democracy<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d94b22f elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d94b22f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Liberty.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Liberty<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3d8ef6 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d3d8ef6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Equality-and-Liberty.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Equality &amp; Liberty<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4cd0ac elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d4cd0ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Press.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Press (Freedom of the...)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a43e15c elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a43e15c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Separation-of-Powers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Separation of Powers<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01ba4eb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"01ba4eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb25d86 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cb25d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Associations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Associations<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51feff3 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"51feff3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Centralisation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Centralization\/Decentralization<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b88ebc4 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b88ebc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Democratic-Despotism.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Democratic Despotism<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d2a838 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2d2a838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Tyranny-of-the-majority.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Tyranny of the Majority<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f08567 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f08567\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d70f93 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6d70f93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Angloamerican.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Angloamerican<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dfa1c3 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3dfa1c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Catholic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Catholic<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-297d4c5 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"297d4c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Slavery.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Slavery<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf1fad9 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"cf1fad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IslamA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Islam<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8368544 elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8368544\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-Quran.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">The Quran<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tocqueville Voices A platform to inspire a Taste for Democracy A space to share reflections and content inspired by Tocqueville\u2019s ideas on democracy and civic engagement, showcasing insights, quotes, essays, or commentaries\u2014particularly around civil society, civic engagement, and democratic thought. Tocqueville thoughts explained by: Francoise Melonio Jean-Louis Beno\u00eet Jean Yarbrough Joshua Mitchell Eric Keslassy Francoise [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-596","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=596"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8992,"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/596\/revisions\/8992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tocquevillefoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}